- Introduction
Ancient Political Thought: 800BCE – 30CE[rtoc]
- Confucius: If your desire is for good, the people will be good
- Sun Tzu: The art of war is of vital importance to the state
- Mozi: Plans for the country are only to be shared with the learned
- Plato: Until philosophers are kings, cities will never have rest from their evils
- Aristotle: Man is by nature a political animal
- Chanakya: A single wheel does not move
- Han Fei Tzu: If evil ministers enjoy safety and profit, this is the beginning of downfall
- Cicero: The government is bandied about like a ball[/rtoc]
Medieval Politics: 30CE – 1515CE[rtoc]
- Augustine of Hippo: If justice be taken away, what are governments but great bands of robbers?
- Muhammad: Fighting has been enjoined upon you while it is hateful to you
- Al-Farabi: The people refuse the rule of virtuous men
- Barons of King John: No free man shall be imprisoned, except by the law of the land
- Thomas Aquinas: For war to be just, there is required a just cause
- Giles of Rome: To live politically means living in accordance with good laws
- Marsilius of Padua: The Church should devote itself to imitating Christ and give up its secular power
- Ibn Khaldun: Government prevents injustice, other than such as it commits itself
- Niccolò Machiavelli: A prudent ruler cannot, and must not, honour his word[/rtoc]
Rationality and Enlightenment: 1515 – 1770[rtoc]
- Francisco de Vitoria: In the beginning, everything was common to all
- Jean Bodin: Sovereignty is the absolute and perpetual power of a commonwealth
- Francisco Suárez: The natural law is the foundation of human law
- Johannes Althusius: Politics is the art of associating men
- Hugo Grotius: Liberty is the power that we have over ourselves
- Thomas Hobbes: The condition of man is a condition of war
- John Locke: The end of law is to preserve and enlarge freedom
- Montesquieu: When legislative and executive powers are united in the same body, there can be no liberty
- Benjamin Franklin: Independent entrepreneurs make good citizens[/rtoc]
Revolutionary Thoughts – 1770 – 1848[rtoc]
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau: To renounce liberty is to renounce being a man
- Immanuel Kant: No generally valid principle of legislation can be based on happiness
- Edmund Burke: The passions of individuals should be subjected
- Thomas Paine: Rights dependent on property are the most precarious
- Thomas Jefferson: All men are created equal
- Johann Gottfried Herder: Each nationality contains its centre of happiness within itself
- Jeremy Bentham: Government has but a choice of evils
- James Madison: The people have a right to keep and bear arms
- Mary Wollstonecraft: The most respectable women are the most oppressed
- Georg Hegel: The slave feels self-existence to be something external
- Carl von Clausewitz: War is the continuation of Politik by other means
- John C. Calhoun: Abolition and the Union cannot co-exist
- Simón Bolivar: A state too extensive in itself ultimately falls into decay
- José María Luis Mora: An educated and wise government recognises the developmental needs of its society
- Auguste Comte: The tendency to attack “the family” is a symptom of social chaos[/rtoc]
The Rise of the Masses: 1848 – 1910[rtoc]
- Alexis de Tocqueville: Socialism is a new system of serfdom
- Giuseppe Mazzini: Say not I, but we
- John Stuart Mill: That so few dare to be eccentric marks the chief danger of the time
- Abraham Lincoln: No man is good enough to govern another man, without that other’s consent
- Pierre-Joseph Proudhon: Property is theft
- Mikhail Bakunin: The privileged man is a man depraved in intellect and heart
- Henry David Thoreau: That government is best which governs not at all
- Karl Marx: Communism is the riddle of history solved
- Alexander Herzen: The men who proclaimed the republic became the assassins of freedom
- Ito Hirobumi: We must look for a central axis for our nation
- Friedrich Nietzsche: The will to power
- Georges Sorel: It is the myth that is alone important
- Eduard Bernstein: We have to take working men as they are
- José Martí: The disdain of our formidable neighbour is the greatest danger for Latin America
- Peter Kropotkin: It is necessary to dare in order to succeed
- Emmeline Pankhurst: Either women are to be killed, or women are to have the vote
- Theodor Herzl: It is ridiculous to deny the existence of a Jewish nation
- Beatrice Webb: Nothing will a vil to save a nation whose workers have decayed
- Jane Addams: Protective legislation in America is shamefully inadequate
- Sun Yat-Sen: Land to the tillers!
- Max Weber: The individual is a single cog in an ever-moving mechanism[/rtoc]
The Clash of Ideologies: 1910 – 1945[rtoc]
- Mahatma Gandhi: Non-violence is the first article of my faith
- Vladimir Lenin: Politics begin where the masses are
- Rosa Luxemburg: The mass strike results from social conditions with historical inevitability
- Winston Churchill: An appeaser is one who feeds a crocodile hoping it will eat him last
- Giovanni Gentile: The Fascist conception of the state is all-embracing
- Joseph Stalin: The wealthy farmers must be deprived of the sources of their existence
- Leon Trotsky: If the end justifies the means, what justifies an end?
- Emiliano Zapata: We will unite Mexicans by giving guarantees to the peasant and the businessman
- Smedley D. Butler: War is a racket
- Mustafa Kemal Ataturk: Sovereignty is not given, it is taken
- José Ortega y Gasset: Europe has been left without a moral code
- Marcus Garvey: We are 400 million people asking for liberty
- Manabendra Nath Roy: India cannot really be free unless separated from the British Empire
- Carl Schmitt: Sovereign is he who decides on the exception
- Jomo Kenyatta: Communism is as bad as imperialism
- Antonio Gramsci: The state must be conceived of as an “educator”
- Mao Zedong: Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun[/rtoc]
Post-War Politics: 1945 – present[rtoc]
- Friedrich Hayek: The chief evil is unlimited government
- Michael Oakeshott: Parliamentary government and rationalist politics do not belong to the same system
- Abul Ala Maududi: The objective of the Islamic jihad is to eliminate the rule of an un-Islamic system
- Ayn Rand: There is nothing to take a man’s freedom away from him, save other men
- Hannah Arendt: Every known and established fact can be denied
- Simone de Beauvoir: What is a woman?
- Arne Naess: No natural object is solely a resource
- Nelson Mandela: We are not anti-white, we are against white supremacy
- Gianfranco Miglio: Only the weak-minded believe that politics is a place of collaboration
- Paulo Freire: During the initial stage of the struggle the oppressed tend to become oppressors
- John Rawls: Justice is the first virtue of social institutions
- Frantz Fanon: Colonialism is violence in its natural state
- Malcolm X: The ballot or the bullet
- Michel Foucault: The need to “cut off the king’s head”.
- Che Guevara: Liberators do not exist. The people liberate themselves
- Noam Chomsky: Everybody has to make sure that the rich folk are happy
- Martin Luther King: Nothing in the world is more dangerous than sincere ignorance
- Mikhail Gorbachev: Perestroika unites socialism with democracy
- Ali Shariati: The intellectuals erroneously fought Islam
- Michael Walzer: The hellishness of war drives us to break with every restraint
- Robert Nozick: No state more extensive than the minimal state can be justified
- Shirin Ebadi: No Islamic law says violate women’s rights
- Robert Pape: Suicide terrorism is mainly a response to foreign occupation[/rtoc]
end: Directory of other persons mentioned in text
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