Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong  19699

• Preface

Part one: The status of ethics

1. The Subjectivity of Values[rtoc]
   • Moral scepticism
   • Subjectivism
   • The multiplicity of second order questions
   • Is objectivity a real issue?
   • Standards of evaluation
   • Hypothetical and categorical imperatives
   • The claim to objectivity
   • The argument from relativity
   • The argument from queerness
   • Patterns of objectification
   • The general goal of human life
   • Conclusion[/rtoc]
2. The Meaning of ‘Good'[rtoc]
   • The general meaning of ‘good’
   • ‘Good’ in moral contexts[/rtoc]
3. Obligations and Reasons[rtoc]
   • ‘Is’ and ‘ought’
   • The meaning of ‘ought’
   • Varieties of reason
   • Institutions[/rtoc]
4. Universalization[rtoc]
   • The first stage of universalization: the irrelevance of numerical differences
   • The second stage of universalization: putting oneself in the other person’s place
   • The third stage of universalization: taking account of different tastes and rival ideals
   • Subjective elements in universalization[/rtoc]

Part two: The content of ethics

5. The Object of Morality[rtoc]
   • Consequences of moral scepticism
   • A device for counteracting limited sympathies
   • The form of the device
   • Game theory analysis
   • The content of the device: conservatism or reform?[/rtoc]
6. Utilitarianism[rtoc]
   • Act utilitarianism
   • The ethics of fantasy
   • Morality in the narrow sense
   • Rule utilitarianism
   • The ‘proof’ of utility
   • Utility as desire-satisfaction
   • The malleability of morality[/rtoc]
7. Consequentialism and Deontology[rtoc]
   • Conceptions of the good
   • The rationale of universalization
   • The need for secondary principles
   • Special relationships and the form of moral principles
   • Ends and means
   • Absolutism and the principle of double effect[/rtoc]
8. Elements of a Practical Morality[rtoc]
   • The good for man
   • Egoism, rights, and property
   • Liberty
   • Truth-telling, lies, and agreements
   • How princes should keep faith
   • Virtue
   • The motive for morality
   • Extensions of morality
   • The right to life
   • Conclusion[/rtoc]

Part three: Frontiers of Ethics

9. Determinism, Responsibility, and Choice[rtoc]
   • Voluntary or intentional actions
   • The straight rule of responsibility
   • Causal determinism and human action
   • Hard and soft determinism[/rtoc]
10. Religion, Law and Politics[rtoc]
    • The theological frontier of ethics
    • Contacts and overlaps between morality and law
    • Political applications and extensions of morality[/rtoc]

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