The Study of Orchestration

Instrumentation
1. 1. The Orchestra—Yesterday and Today
  2. Bowed String Instruments
    - Construction
    - Tuning
    - Fingering
    - Double, Triple and Quadruple Stops
    - Divided Strings
    - Vibrato
    - Glissando and Portamento
    - The Bow
    - Bowing
      - Non legato
      - Legato
    - Special On-the-String Bowings
    - Special Off-the-String Bowings
    - Trills and Other Coloristic Effects Using the Bow
    - Coloristic Effects without the Bow
    - Mutes
    - Scordatura
    - Harmonics
    - Contemporary String Techniques
  3. Individual Bowed String Instruments
    - Violin
    - Viola
    - Violoncello or Cello
    - Double Bass
  4. Plucked String Instruments
    - Harp
    - Guitar
    - Mandolin
    - Banjo
    - Zither
  5. Scoring for Strings
    - Individually within the Ensemble
    - Foreground—Middleground—Background
    - Contrapuntal Writing for Strings
    - Homophonic Writing for Strings
    - Using the String Choir to Accompany a Soloist
    - Transcribing from Piano to Strings
  6. The Woodwind Choir (Reed Aerophones)
    - Construction
    - Classifying Woodwind Instruments
    - The Principle of Transposition
    - Playing Techniques
    - The Woodwind Section of a Symphony Orchestra
    - Scoring for Woodwind Instruments
  7. Individual Woodwinds
    - Flute
    - Piccolo
    - Alto Flute
    - Bass Flute
    - Oboe
    - English Horn
    - Other Members of the Oboe Family
    - Clarinet
    - “Piccolo” Clarinet: Clarinet in D or E♭
    - Bass Clarinet
    - Other Members of the Clarinet Family
    - Saxophone
    - Bassoon
    - Contrabassoon
  8. Scoring for Woodwinds and Woodwind-String Combinations
    - The Role of Winds in the Symphony Orchestra
    - The Variety of Orchestral Treatments
    - Homophonic Writing for Winds
    - Contrapuntal Writing for Winds
    - Using the Wind Choir to Provide a Contrasting Color
    - Using the Wind Choir to Double Other Instruments of the Orchestra
    - New Types of Articulations for Woodwinds
    - Special Effects
    - Transcribing from Piano to Winds and Strings
  9. Introduction to Brass Instruments
    - Composition of the Brass Section
    - Brass Instruments and the Written Orchestral Score
    - Overblowing and the Principle of the Harmonic Series
    - Crooks, Valves, and Slides
    - Range
    - Tone Production, Articulation, and Tonguing
    - Common Characteristics and Effects on All Brass Instruments
    - Mutes
    - Muting Devices Other Than Mutes
  10. Individual Brass Instruments
    - Horn
    - Trumpet
    - Cornet
    - Other Members of the Trumpet Family
    - Trombone
    - Other Members of the Trombone Family
    - Tuba
    - Other Members of the Tuba Family
  11. Scoring for Brass, and Brass Combined with Strings and Winds
    - Early Uses of the Brass Choir
    - Doubling of Brass Instruments within the Modern Orchestra
    - Homophonic Writing for the Brass Choir
    - Using the Brass Choir to Present the Mekody
    - Contrapuntal Writing for the Brass Choir
    - Climactic Uses of the Brass Choir
    - Using the Brass Choir to Provide a Coloristic Effect
  12. The Percussion Ensemble
    - Historical Uses of Percussion Instruments within the Orchestra
    - Number and Distribution of Percussion Players
    - Notation of Percussion Instruments
    - Mallets, Beaters, and Sticks
    - Categories of Percussion Instruments
    - Instruments of Definite Pitch
      - Idiophones: Mallet Instruments
        
        Xylophone
        
        Marimba
        
        Vibraphone
        
        Glockenspiel
        
        Chimes
        
        Crotales
        
        Steel Drums
      - Idiophones: Shaken or Stroked Instruments
        
        Musical Saw
        
        Flexatone
        
        Crystal Glasses
      - Membranophones
        
        Timpani
        
        Roto Toms
      - Chordophones
        
        Cimbalom
      - Aerophones
        
        Whistles
    - Instruments of Indefinite Pitch
      - Idiophones: Metal
        
        Cymbals: Crash, Suspended, Hi-Hat, Sizzle, Chinese, Finger
        
        Triangle
        
        Anvil
        
        Cowbells
        
        Tam-Tam and Other Gongs
        
        Wind Chimes
        
        Sleigh Bells
        
        Bell Tree
        
        Brake Drum
        
        Thunder Sheet
      - Idiophones: Wooden
        
        Wood Blocks
        
        Temple Blocks
        
        Claves
        
        Castanets
        
        Sand Block or Sandpaper Block
        
        Maracas
        
        Jawbone; Vibraslap
        
        Guiro
        
        Ratchet
        
        Slapstick or Whip
        
        Log Drum and Slit Drum
        
        Hammer
      - Membranophones
        
        Snare Drum
        
        Tenor Drum
        
        Field Drum
        
        Bass Drum
        
        Tom-Toms
        
        Timbales
        
        Bongos
        
        Conga Drum
        
        Tambourine
        
        Quica; String Drum or Lion’s Roar
      - Aerophones
        
        Sirens
        
        Motor Horns
        
        Wind Machine
  13. Keyboard Instruments
    - Piano
    - Celesta
    - Harpsichord
    - Organ
    - Harmonium
  14. Scoring for Percussion with Keyboard Alone or in Combination
    - Percussion Layout in the Full Score
    - Percussion Section Setup
    - Uses of the Percussion Section
Orchestration
1. Scoring for Orchestra
  - The Unison-Octave Tutti
  - The Distribution of Foreground—Middleground—Background Instruments within the Orchestra
  - Orchestrating a Melody or Primary Gesture
  - Using the Orchestra to Create Special Effects
2. The Orchestra as Accompanist
  - The Concerto
  - Accompanying the Vocal Soloist, Ensemble, or Chorus
3. Transcribing for Orchestra
  - Transcribing from Keyboard or Small Chamber Combinations to Orchestra
  - Transcribing from Band or Wind Ensemble to Orchestra
  - Transcribing to Various Available Instrumental Combinations
4. The Preparation of Score and Parts
  - The Orchestral Score Setup
  - The Reduced Score
  - The Condensed Sore
  - Preparing Individual Parts
5. Scoring for Band or Wind Ensemble
  - Scoring for Band
  - Band Versus Wind Ensemble
  - The Percussion Section within the Band or Wind Ensemble
  - The Band and Wind Ensemble Score Setup
  - Condensed Scores
  - Transcribing from Orchestra to Band or Wind Ensemble

Appendices

Quick Reference Guides
- Ranges of the Most Frequently Used Orchestral Instruments
- Names of Instruments in Four Languages and Their English Abbreviations
- Frequently Used Orchestral Terms in Four Languages
Select Bibliography
- Orchestration
- Individual Instrumental Technique
- The History of the Orchestra and of Orchestral Instruments
- Band and Wind Ensemble Scoring, Film Scoring, and Commercial Arranging
- Computer and Electronic Music

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The Study of Orchestration 33487

Appendices

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