- The Pride and Ornament of the World: Prehistory to AD 1000[rtoc]
- Origins
- Phoenicians, Greeks and Carthaginians
- Roman Hispania
- The twilight of Roman rule
- The kingdom of the Visigoths
- The ‘ruin of Spain’
- Al-Andalus
- The Umayyad emirate
- ‘The other Spains’
- The caliphate of Córdoba[/rtoc]
- The Ascendancy of Christian Iberia, AD 1000-1475[rtoc]
- The fall of the Umayyad caliphate
- The Almoravid invasion
- The ‘Europeanization’ of Christian Iberia
- Reconquest and crusade
- The rise and fall of the Almohad empire
- An expanding society
- The land of three religions
- Iberian politics, 1250-1350
- Kingship and government
- Cultural developments
- Crisis and recovery[/rtoc]
- The Universal Monarchy, 1474-1700[rtoc]
- The Catholic Monarchs
- A new monarchy?
- The Reconquest completed
- The advance of empire
- The quest for religious unity
- The Habsburg succession
- Charles V and the defence of empire
- Spain and the New World
- Philip II: the apogee of Spanish power
- The ‘Black Legend’
- The strains of empire
- Philip III and the Pax Hispanica
- Philip IV and Olivares: the defence of reputation
- Social and economic developments
- Cultural trends
- The last of the Habsburgs[/rtoc]
- The Enlightened Despots[rtoc]
- The War of the Spanish Succession
- The government of Philip V (1700-46)
- Ferdinand VI (1746-59)
- Charles III (1759-88)
- Charles IV and the crisis of the ancien régime
- Society and economy in Bourbon Spain
- Spain and the Enlightenment
- Spain and its American empire
- The War of Independence
- The independence of Spanish America
- Revolution and reaction[/rtoc]
- Liberalism and Reaction, 1833-1931[rtoc]
- Demographic change
- Agrarian society: expansion and stagnation
- A failed Industrial Revolution?
- Cultural development
- Political change: the liberal ascendancy
- Praetorian politics
- The Moderate decade
- The ‘Progressive Revolution’ and the Liberal Union
- The ‘Glorious Revolution’ and the First Republic
- The Restoration System
- The Cuban Disaster
- Other critics of the regime
- Church and society
- The crisis of Liberal Spain
- The dictatorship of Primo de Rivera[/rtoc]
- The Modern Era, 1931-2000[rtoc]
- The Second Republic: ‘the reforming years’
- The ‘two black years’
- The road to civil war
- The Spanish tragedy
- The Nationalist zone
- The Republican zone
- The fall of the Republic
- Francoism triumphant
- Spain and World War II
- The ‘Sentinel of the West’
- Change and its consequences
- The transition to democracy
- The triumph of the Centre
- The new Spaniards[/rtoc]
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