- The Ancient World: 700BCE – 250CE[rtoc]
- Thales of Miletus Everything is made of water
- Laozi The Dao that can be told is not the eternal Dao
- Pythagoras Number is the ruler of forms and ideas
- Siddhartha Gautama Happy is he who has overcome his ego
- Confucius Hold faithfulness and sincerity as first principles
- Heraclitus Everything is flux
- Parmenides All is one
- Protagoras Man is the measure of all things
- Mozi When one throws to me a peach, I return him a plum
- Democritus and Leucippus Nothing exists except atoms and empty space
- Socrates The life which is unexamined is not worth living
- Plato Earthly knowledge is but shadow
- Aristotle Truth resides in the world around us
- Epicurus Death is nothing to us
- Diogences of Sinope He has the most who is most content with the least
- Zeno of Citium The goal of life is living in agreement with nature[/rtoc]
- The Medieval World: 250-1500[rtoc]
- St Augustine of Hippo God is not the parent of evils
- Boethius God foresees our free thoughts and actions
- Avicenna The soul is distinct from the body
- St Anselm Just by thinking about God we can know he exists
- Averroes Philosophy and religion are not incompatible
- Moses Maimonides God has no attributes
- Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi Don’t grieve. Anything you lose comes round in another form
- Thomas Aquinas The universe has not always existed
- Nikolaus von Kues Got is the not-other
- Desiderius Erasmus To know nothing is the happiest life[/rtoc]
- Renaissance and the Age of Reason 1500-1750[rtoc]
- Niccolò Machiavelli The end justifies the means
- Michel de Montaigne Fame and tranquility can never be bedfellows
- Francis Bacon Knowledge is power
- Thomas Hobbes Man is a machine
- René Descartes I think therefore I am
- Blaise Pascal Imagination decides everything
- Benedictus Spinoza God is the cause of all things, which are in him
- John Locke No man’s knowledge here can go beyond his experience
- Gottfried Leibniz There are two kinds of truths: truths of reasoning and truths of fact
- George Berkeley To be is to be perceived[/rtoc]
- The Age of Revolution 1750-1900[rtoc]
- Voltaire Doubt is not a pleasant condition, but certainty is absurd
- David Hume Custom is the great guide of human life
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau Man was born free yet everywhere he is in chains
- Adam Smith Man is an animal that makes bargains
- Immanuel Kant There are two worlds: our bodies and the external world
- Edmund Burke Society is indeed a contract
- Jeremy Bentham The greatest happiness for the greatest number
- Mary Wollstonecraft Mind has no gender
- Johann Gottlieb Fichte What sort of philosophy ones chooses depends on what sort of person one is
- Friedrich Schlegel About no subject is there less philosophizing than about philosophy
- Georg Hegel Reality is a historical process
- Arthur Schopenhauer Every man takes the limits of his own field of vision for the limits of the world
- Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach Theology is anthropology
- John Stuart Mill Over his own body and mind, the individual is sovereign
- Søren Kierkegaard Anxiety is the dizziness of freedom
- Karl Marx The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles
- Henry David Thoreau Must the citizen ever resign his conscience to the legislator?
- Charles Sanders Peirce Consider what effects things have
- William James Act as if what you do makes a difference[/rtoc]
- The Modern World 1900-1950[rtoc]
- Friedrich Nietzsche Man is something to be surpassed
- Ahad Ha’am Men with self-confidence come and see and conquer
- Ferdinand de Saussure Every message is made of signs
- Edmund Husserl Experience by itself is not science
- Henri Bergson Intuition goes in the very direction of life
- John Dewey We only think when we are confronted with problems
- George Santayana Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it
- Miguel de Unamuno It is only suffering that makes us persons
- William du Bois Believe in life
- Bertrand Russell The road to happiness lies in an organized diminution of work
- Max Scheler Love is a bridge from poorer to richer knowledge
- Karl Jaspers Only as an individual can man become a philosopher
- José Ortega y Gasset Life is a series of collisions with the future
- Hajime Tanabe To philosophize, first one must confess
- Ludwig Wittgenstein The limits of my language are the limits of my world
- Martin Heidegger We are ourselves the entities to be analysed
- Tetsuro Watsuji The individual’s only true moral choice is through self-sacrifice for the community
- Rudolf Carnap Logic is the last scientific ingredient of philosophy
- Walter Benjamin The only way of knowing a person is to love them without hope
- Herbert Marcuse That which is cannot be true
- Hans-Georg Gadamer History does not belong to us but we belong to it
- Karl Popper In so far as a scientific statement speaks about reality, it must be falsifiable
- Theodor Adorno Intelligence is a moral category
- Jean-Paul Sartre Existence precedes essence
- Hannah Arendt The banality of evil
- Emmanuel Levinas Reason lives in language
- Maurice Merleau-Ponty In order to see the world we must break with our familiar acceptance of it
- Simone de Beauvoir Man is defined as a human being and woman as a female
- Willard Van Orman Quine Language is a social art
- Isaiah Berlin The fundamental sense of freedom is freedom from chains
- Arne Naess Think like a mountain
- Albert Camus Life will be lived all the better if it has no meaning[/rtoc]
- Contemporary Philosophy 1950-present[rtoc]
- Roland Barthes Language is a skin
- Mary Midgley How would we manage without a culture?
- Thomas Kuhn Normal science does not aim at novelties of fact or theory
- John Rawls The principles of justice are chosen behind a veil of ignorance
- Richard Wollheim Art is a form of life
- Paul Feyerabend Anything goes
- Jean-François Lyotard Knowledge is produced to be sold
- Frantz Fanon For the black man, there is only one destiny and it is white
- Michel Foucault Man is an invention of recent date
- Noam Chomsky If we choose, we can live in a world of comforting illusion
- Jürgen Habermas Society is dependent upon a criticism of its own traditions
- Jacques Derrida There is nothing outside of the text
- Richard Rorty There is nothing deep down inside us except what we have put there ourselves
- Luce Irigaray Every desire has a relation to madness
- Edward Said Every empire tells itself and the world that it is unlike all other empires
- Hélène Cixous Thought has always worked by opposition
- Julia Kristeva Who plays God in present-day feminism?
- Henry Odera Oruka Philosophy is not only a written enterprise
- Peter Singer In suffering, the animals are our equals
- Slavoj Žižek All the best Marxist analyses are always analyses of a failure[/rtoc]
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