- Understanding speaking
- Speaking as a skill
- Knowledge and skill
- Oral skills and interaction
- Differences between speech and writing
- Introduction
- Processing conditions of speech and writing
- Reciprocity conditions of speech and writing
- Production skills
- Introduction
- Facilitation
- Compensation
- Conclusion
- Interaction skills
- Introduction
- Routines
- Negotiation skills
- Negotiation of meaning
- Management of interaction
- Conclusion
- Learner strategies of communication
- Introduction
- Achievement strategies
- Reduction strategies
- A checklist of skills
- The methodology of oral interaction
- Introduction
- Oral skills: methodological objectives
- Introduction
- Rivers and Temperley’s view
- Littlewood’s view
- Interaction criteria
- Conclusion
- Interaction activities
- Introduction
- Interaction activities: Littlewood
- Interaction activities: Harmer
- Interaction activities: Rivers and Temperley
- Interaction activities: Ur
- Activities for oral practice
- Introduction
- Information-gap activities
- Communication games
- Simulations
- Project-based interaction activities
- Students’ production in interaction activities
- Interaction skills in oral language methodology
- Introduction
- Accuracy and interaction in the curriculum
- Integrating accuracy and interaction skills
- Classroom organization and oral skills
- Exploring oral interaction in the classroom
- Planning a project
- Introduction
- Collecting data
- Exploring aspects of oral methodology
- Exploring oral language
- Exploring oral interaction activities
- Exploring oral interaction and learners’ level
- Exploring learners’ perceptions of activities
- Exploring learners’ oral language needs
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